Back Sozialdemokratie ALS ديمقراطية اجتماعية Arabic اشتراكيه ديموقراطيه ARZ Socialdemocracia AST Sosial-demokratiya Azerbaijani سوسیال دموکرات AZB Сацыял-дэмакратыя Byelorussian Социалдемокрация Bulgarian Socialdemocràcia Catalan دیموکراسیی کۆمەڵایەتی CKB

Socijaldemokratija

Crvena zastava, simbol radničkog i socijaldemokratskog pokreta
Crvena ruža, simbol demokratije i anti-autoritarnosti u načinu djelovanja protiv društvenih nepravdi[1][2][3]

Socijaldemokratija je politička filozofija koja je nastala u drugoj polovini 19. vijeka kao struja u pokretu socijalne pravde i ljevice.[4][5][6] Danas se socijaldemokratija uobičajeno smiješta na lijevi centar političkog spektra.[7][8][9][10]

Izvorna socijaldemokratija je razvijala antikapitalistički program.[11][12][13][14] Ali, kroz vrijeme se okrenula političkom pragmatizmu.[15][16] Pragmatična socijaldemokratija se usmjerava samo na minimalni program, kojim u okviru ustanova predstavničke, parlamentarne demokratije i tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije nastoji sprovoditi djelimične reforme radi stvaranja državnih propisa, programa i servisa koji bi trebali raditi na ublažavanju nepravdi koje nanosi neregulirani, liberalni model kapitalizma.[17][18][19][20][21][22] Praktično ostvarenje takvih reformi u okviru ustanova parlamentarne demokratije i tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije uobičajeno se naziva socijalno odgovornom državom ili državom blagostanja.[19][23][24][25][26] Socijaldemokratija se smatra umjerenom strujom u modernom ljevičarskom pokretu.[27][28][29][30]

Neka obilježja socijaldemokratije:[22][31][32]

Umjerena ljevičarska stranka u matičnom toku države koja je zasnovana na parlamentarnoj demokratiji i tržišnoj ekonomiji, sa glasačkim tijelom kako u radničkoj klasi tako i u srednjoj klasi, mogla bi biti opisana kao socijaldemokratska stranka.[33][34] Dok bi stranka sa većim zahtjevima i ciljevima, koja ima glasačko tijelo među onim dijelom malobrojnije, ali svjesnije radničke klase, fizičke i intelektualne, te sa historijom podrške i učešća u emancipacijskim i progresivnim pokretima, mogla biti opisana kao stranka radikalnije, nove ljevice.[35][36][37][38]

Socijaldemokratske stranke, kao i druge moderne ljevičarske stranke, uobičajeno ističu sljedeće principe:[39]

  • sloboda — ne samo ljudske slobode, već i sloboda od diskriminacije, sloboda demokratskog sudjelovanja i sloboda od zavisnosti, ekstremnog siromaštva, straha i zloupotrebe političke, ekonomske i druge moći i položaja;
  • jednakost — ne samo pred zakonom, već i jednake šanse i mogućnosti za sve ljude u raznim oblastima života, bez obzira na identitetske različitosti, uključujući i one osobe sa poteškoćama bilo koje vrste;
  • solidarnost — pokazivanje razumijevanja i suosjećanja prema osobama koje su žrtve nekog oblika diskriminacije, nepravde i neravnopravnosti, te osobna spremnost zajedničkog djelovanja sa drugima na pronalaženju načina za umanjivanje i sprječavanje takvih pojava.
Clement Attlee, socijaldemokrat i premijer Velike Britanije (1945–1951)
Willy Brandt, socijaldemokrat i kancelar Njemačke (1969–1974)
Olof Palme, socijaldemokrat i premijer Švedske (1969-1976 i 1982-1986)
Helen Clark, socijaldemokratkinja i premijerka Novog Zelanda (1999–2008)

Socijaldemokratija se opire svakom obliku autoritarnosti i jednostranačja.[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Stoga, socijaldemokratija se opire konceptima jednostranačke vladavine takozvanih komunističkih partija 20. vijeka.[48][49][50]

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